Thursday, May 27, 2010

Gays in Military

... and AIDS

Logical Inference in Science

A certain protein is absent in the brain, but then becomes present at a certain point of brain development and then disappears when it is done. A scientist would then ask, what is happening at this stage of development?

Perhaps a group of cells diverges into two different kinds of cells at this stage. The scientist might then hypothesize: this protein is probably the case of this divergence. Then he could devised an experiment to test the hypothesis.

When the brain reaches this stage of development, the scientist could remove this protein and see what happens. If the divergence does not take place, then probably the protein is the cause of the divergence.

But what if the absence of the protein affects something else, which is the real cause of the divergence? The scientist can devise other experiments to isolate the protein as the cause.

For example, instead of removing the protein, the scientist could increase it and see what happens. Perhaps instead of diverging all of the cells turn into other kinds of cells. The scientist could also focus on the part of the cell that receives the protein. If that part of the cell is de-activated, and then the divergence does not take place, then that would be additional evidence that this protein is the cause of the divergence.

The reliability of the results would increase by publishing the results, permitting other scientists to re-duplicate the results, and also to suggest other possible causes to be tested.

So scientists can determine with greater and greater certainty that the protein is the cause of the divergence, by increasing the number of experiments that point to this protein as the cause in a variety of different ways. The conclusion would have a very high degree of certainty--beyond a reasonable doubt.

So how can the thought process be represented in logical form?

1. If x is followed regularly and predictably by y, then x is probably the cause of y
2. Divergence into two kinds of cells follows regularly and predictably the presence of this protein.
3. Therefore, this protein is probably the cause of the divergence.

1. If y does not happen when x is absent, then x is probably the cause of y.
2. Divergence into two kinds of cells does not happen when this protein is absent.
3. Therefore, this protein is probably the cause of the divergence.

etc.

So what seems to be happening is that the conclusion is made more certain by multiplying the number of proofs, the amount of evidence.

This is not so much the combining of evidence, but it takes the definition of what it means to be a cause, and then tests to see to what extent a certain substance fits this definition.

Women

Gender equality in sciences

Tuesday, May 25, 2010

Monday, May 24, 2010

Global Warming is a hoax

Solar experts are now finally willing to speak out about global warming

Buying land from Indians

"Every history of Rye ... starts with three Greenwich men, Thomas Studwell, John Coe and Peter Disbrow, buying Manursing Island from the Indians in 1660 and starting to farm. A fourth, John Budd, joined them a year later, buying other sections of what was to become Rye ....

[Studwell] was about 60 when he bought the land on Manursing Island, signing with an 'X' on the purchase from the Indians .... With Coe and Disbrow, he acquired more land from the Indians on the mainland and west into what is now Harrison.....

[John Coe's] name on the 1660 purchase from the Native American Shenowell and others is spelled Coo....

Apparently [Peter Disbrow] was in land negotiations with the Indians as early as January of 1660, six months before the purchase of Manursing Island ....

[John] budd appears in Rye in 1661 with a purchase of a large amount of land from the Indians, known thereafter as Budd's Neck .... The deed of purchase from the Indians was later confirmed by a patent....

For more, see Robert Bolton, Jr., 'A History of the County of Westchester' ... and Charles W. Baird, 'History of Rye,' 1871."

Paul Rheingold, "Rye's Founders," The Rye Record, May 21, 2010

Thursday, May 13, 2010

Amazon.com: A Century of Violence in Soviet Russia (9780300103229): Mr. Alexander N. Yakovlev, Anthony Austin, Paul Hollander: Books

Amazon.com: A Century of Violence in Soviet Russia (9780300103229): Mr. Alexander N. Yakovlev, Anthony Austin, Paul Hollander: Books

A Hidden History of Evil by Claire Berlinski, City Journal Spring 2010

A Hidden History of Evil by Claire Berlinski, City Journal Spring 2010

Amazon.com: South to a Very Old Place (9780679736950): Albert Murray: Books

Amazon.com: South to a Very Old Place (9780679736950): Albert Murray: Books

Amazon.com: Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, 1585-1660 (9780521779227): Linda M. Heywood, John K. Thornton: Books

Amazon.com: Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, 1585-1660 (9780521779227): Linda M. Heywood, John K. Thornton: Books

Pajamas Media » Henry Gates Deflates the Reparations Balloon

Pajamas Media » Henry Gates Deflates the Reparations Balloon

Slavery

The Foundry

The Foundry

Extended unemployment benefits extends unemployment.

RealClearPolitics - Crony Capitalism: From GM to Greece, the Lies Keep Growing

RealClearPolitics - Crony Capitalism: From GM to Greece, the Lies Keep Growing

FOXNews.com - Guess What, America, You're Bailing Out Banks All Over the World!

FOXNews.com - Guess What, America, You're Bailing Out Banks All Over the World!

Women CEOs' Salaries have Caught up to Those of Men - ABC News

Women CEOs' Salaries have Caught up to Those of Men - ABC News

Rule of Thumb and Wife-Beating - Mostly a Myth

Rule of Thumb and Wife-Beating - Mostly a Myth

Greek bailout plan approved by German Parliament

Greek bailout plan approved by German Parliament

Greece Obtains Bailout, but Doubts for Region Persist - NYTimes.com

Greece Obtains Bailout, but Doubts for Region Persist - NYTimes.com

International Monetary Fund | Greek rescue package

International Monetary Fund Greek rescue package

Tuesday, May 4, 2010

The Myth of the 1967 Borders | Dore Gold :: Iran, Mid-East Strategy & Arab-Israeli Diplomacy

The Myth of the 1967 Borders Dore Gold :: Iran, Mid-East Strategy & Arab-Israeli Diplomacy

Holder Says Shahzad Was Questioned Before Being Mirandized - Daniel Foster - The Corner on National Review Online

Holder Says Shahzad Was Questioned Before Being Mirandized - Daniel Foster - The Corner on National Review Online

Darwin Dynasty Cursed By Inbreeding - Yahoo! News

Darwin Dynasty Cursed By Inbreeding - Yahoo! News

Collins: Why this scientist believes in God - CNN.com

Collins: Why this scientist believes in God - CNN.com

New Page 1

New Page 1

heliocentric

f.w. bessel and heliocentric - Google Search

f.w. bessel and heliocentric - Google Search

Prove that the earth goes around the sun

Prove that the earth goes around the sun

Prove that the earth goes around the sun

Prove that the earth goes around the sun

Astronomy: The earth revolves around the sun, earth revolves around the sun, independent reality

Astronomy: The earth revolves around the sun, earth revolves around the sun, independent reality

FOXNews.com - Usama Bin Laden Is Living Comfortably in Iran, Documentary Asserts

FOXNews.com - Usama Bin Laden Is Living Comfortably in Iran, Documentary Asserts

New light shed on Kent State killings - Washington Times

New light shed on Kent State killings - Washington Times

U.S. citizen from Pakistan arrested in Times Square bomb case

U.S. citizen from Pakistan arrested in Times Square bomb case

Greek Public Sector Workers Protest Austerity Plan - NYTimes.com

Greek Public Sector Workers Protest Austerity Plan - NYTimes.com

Monday, May 3, 2010

» Breitbart CBN Interview: ‘The Cold War Is Now a New Media War’ - Big Journalism

» Breitbart CBN Interview: ‘The Cold War Is Now a New Media War’ - Big Journalism

Betrayed by the NHS: Doctor who gave her life to health service is refused vital cancer drugs that could save her | Mail Online

Betrayed by the NHS: Doctor who gave her life to health service is refused vital cancer drugs that could save her Mail Online

Health care in Great Britain

American Thinker: What If Arizona Were Quebec?

American Thinker: What If Arizona Were Quebec?

Bam's soak-the-taxpayer panel - NYPOST.com

Bam's soak-the-taxpayer panel - NYPOST.com

Exclusive: How the Convention on the Rights of the Child Will Destroy Family Sanctity » Publications » Family Security Matters

Exclusive: How the Convention on the Rights of the Child Will Destroy Family Sanctity » Publications » Family Security Matters

Greece Gets $146 Billion Rescue in EU, IMF Package (Update1) - Bloomberg.com

Greece Gets $146 Billion Rescue in EU, IMF Package (Update1) - Bloomberg.com

Amazon.com: God and Man in the Law: The Foundations of Anglo-American Constitutionalism (9780700608416): Robert Lowry Clinton: Books

Amazon.com: God and Man in the Law: The Foundations of Anglo-American Constitutionalism (9780700608416): Robert Lowry Clinton: Books

Amazon.com: Marbury V. Madison and Judicial Review (9780700605170): Robert L. Clinton: Books

Amazon.com: Marbury V. Madison and Judicial Review (9780700605170): Robert L. Clinton: Books

Christian preacher arrested for saying homosexuality is a sin - Telegraph

Christian preacher arrested for saying homosexuality is a sin - Telegraph

George Will: VAT will harm Americans' freedom | United Liberty | Free Market - Individual Liberty - Limited Government

George Will: VAT will harm Americans' freedom United Liberty Free Market - Individual Liberty - Limited Government