Usury first became common in England under King Henry VIII and originally pertained to charging any amount of interest on loaned funds.
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/usury-laws.asp
In the United States, every colony adopted a usury statute based on the English model. This trend continued after independence, with state usury laws protecting consumers from abusive lending until the last quarter of the twentieth century. During this period, preemption wiped out usury laws for most banks. In recent years, many states have started restoring protections against high cost lending to the extent permitted by preemption principles. For instance, some states have established caps on the interest rates that finance companies– which are not banks– can charge for small dollar loans, such as payday and auto-title products.
https://www.nclc.org/issues/usury.html?preview=true&print=print
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